Essay --

The term Robot is a Czech word, which was coined by Karel Capek meaning "forced labor." A large number of robots these days are designed for performing repetitive manufacturing work which is complicated, hazardous and monotonous for humans to perform. The foremost basis for the advancement in the field of robot’s hand is replication of the human hand’s functionality and manifestation. The research in this field progresses ever since the word Robot was coined in the play Rossum’s Universal Robot. The objective of this paper is to study the challenges faced while designing the Dexterous Anthropomorphic Robotic Arm to all the Researchers and students. The robots could be very functional for the handicapped and physically weak and fragile people because their sole inadequacy is overcome with the robots in the form of robotic arm or prosthetic leg. Previously the robots which were designed were massive, colossal, unreliable, non-realistic and expensive to the opera tor, so the researchers are trying to make the robots system compact at the same time inexpensive and it must convince the safety parameters for the operator. This review paper aims at suggesting some concrete solutions to the difficulties encountered so far. This paper discusses the development and advances of the Exoskeleton robots and the Dexterous Anthropomorphic Robots. The parameters in comparison are:- 1. Force Reflection function in the field Teleoperation 2. Various actuation types 3. Different sensors based on the applications 4. Complexity in the design 5. Flexibility of the model. Service robots are machines intended to work for human beings (like the industrial robot) and with human beings. The application of service robots in Real Time Operating Situations... ...r limb exoskeleton arm with 3-DOF shoulder joint and a 1-DOF elbow joint for strengthening the upper limb muscle of the patients with impaired hands. Their design allowed the patients to complete their physiotherapy sessions plus the arm prevented the patients from getting injured due to increased fluctuations of the inertial forces. This upper limb helped to recover the muscle strength because of its compactness and inexpensive design. Kang and Wang [16] improvised Tzong-Ming et.al [15] design with improved safety and with more DOF employing Adaptive control Technique. The human arm movement is nonlinear in nature; so controlling the robotic arm linearly would have been very unrealistic in the real world situations so, their idea was to control the robotic arm nonlinearly by online updating the information provided by an adaptive viewer without any extra sensors.